TODAY IN CLASS WE. . . .

• Got UP pgs 31-36 stamped
• Went over UP pgs 31-36
• Did the moth and tree bark lab

UP PGS 31-36-

So these pages were pretty much more practice with the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium problems. We started them in class yesterday and reviewed them today. Yesterday Sophia was the scribe and she put up a really good post about how to solve these problems if your still confused. The main thing you need to figure out with these word problems is just what = q/p/q2/etc... After that you just need to plug in the numbers to solve for the other variables and/or fill in your Punnet Square.

MOTH/TREE BARK LAB-

This lab demonstrated natural selection/evolution in action. To do this lab we...

• Chose A type of "bark" (a bark background printed on paper) either light, medium or dark. Then some members of the group...
• Put five of the light and dark "moths" (smaller bark printouts) onto the paper while one group member had their back turned. Then that group member...
• Turned around and picked up the first moths they saw in 6 seconds. We then...

Recorded how many of each type of mothwere left and recorded it in our chart. Then in the other chart we...

• Recorded the number of each type of moth left on the paperbark times by 2. This was our "second generation" and we once again placed the "moths" on the "bark" and ran the test for the 2nd and 3rd "generations"

HOMEWORK-

• Review Hardy Weinberg problems
• Read CH 15 p. 297-302
• QUIZ coming.....study

THANKS FOR READING!!

NEXT SCRIBE- ***SIDDHARTH***

Scribe Post 11/8

Today in class we:

1. Talked about the last page ofthe meiosis notes
2. Worked on the Karyotype lab (pages 19-37 in the UP)

NOTES

• Breakage of a chromosome (this is the breakage of segments of a chromosome NOT the A,T,G,C parts)
• Deletion- A chromosome loses a fragment of itself
• Duplication- Occurs when a fragment from another chromosome is inserted into a homologous chromosome
• Inversion- A fragment breaks off from a chromosome then reattaches itself upside down
• Translocation- Occurs when a fragment reattaches to a nonhomologous chromosome

KARYOTYPE LAB

• We used the cutouts from page 21 in the UP and put them into pairs
• Then we taped them down according to number on the worksheet (page 23, UP)
• We did this for the rest of class
• Pages 26 and 27 are questions about this karyotype (page 23)

HOMEWORK

• Study for the quiz tomorrow!
• Finish UP p. 19-37 (This is where you use your assigned sheet - B,C, or D - to make another karyotype on page 37)
• EC - UP p. 39-40 in the UP
• Read CH 9 p. 142-168

DO NOT DO THE "GOING FURTHER" PART AT THE BOTTOM OF PAGE 27!!! IT IS NOT

HOMEWORK!!!

Next scribe *****Nazia*****

9/25/11 - Scribe Post

Today in class we:

• Finished the last few slides of section 1 in the notes packet
• Got through all of the 'PROTEINS=ENZYMES' section of notes

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NOTES

The Basics of Organic Chemistry

STEROIDS

• Have big effects on teens because this is the stage when gender traits develop
• Gender mix-ups can occur when teens use steroids
• Basically, steroids can cause a lot of medical issues for users

PROTEINS

• Four different structures of proteins
• Primary Structure- the specific sequence of amino acids, if the primary structure is messed up then the protein won't function properly
• Secondary Structure- can either be an Alpha Helix or Pleated Sheet, it is held together by hydrogen bonds
• Tertiary Structure- 3D shape, held together by chemical bonds between side groups
• Quaternary Structure- consists of two or more bonded polypeptide chains

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• Blueprints for making proteins
• Two main types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)

PROTEINS = ENZYMES

PROTEINS

• Protein=polymer made out of amino acid monomers

AMINO ACID

• Amino acid=the monomers that make up proteins
• Consist of: 1 central Carbon atom, Carboxyl group, Amino group, Hydrogen atom, side group
• Each of the 20 different types of amino acids will have a different side group which gives it unique characteristics

FORMING POLYMERS

• dehydration synthesis bonds amino acids together

WHAT IS AN ENZYME?

• A specialized protein that speeds up a reaction
• CATALYST: speed up rate of chemical reaction without being used up itself

HOW TO SPEED UP A CHEMICAL REACTION

• Heat the mixture
• Decrease activation energy with an enzyme

ALL ENZYMES ARE AFFECTED BY.....

• Temperature: optimal temperature: temperature at which the enzyme is best able to function.
• Cell can become denatured (unable to function) if it is at a temperature to far away from its optimal temperature
• pH: optimal pH: pH at which the enzyme is best able to function
• Concentration
• Specificity

PH SCALE

• pH: potential hydrogen

ION

• A charged particle that has gained or lost an elctron

ACIDS

• Will add H+ to solutions

BASES

• Will remove H+ ions from solutions. Sometimes done by adding OH-

NEUTRAL

• A solution where the number of H= and OH- ions are equal

SUBSTRATE AND ACTIVE SITE

• Substrate=the specific molecule an enzyme will bond to
• Active site=the place on an enzyme where the substrate will bond, must be an exact fit

ENZYME INHIBITION

• Active site can be blocked by substrate imitations so that the real substrate is unable to react
• Inhibitor changes size of active site by binding to another site on the enzyme (reversible)

HOMEWORK

1. Pre-lab UP p. 7-18 - Enzyme Lab 2. EC - enzyme coloring sheet (color code and highlight) 3. UP p. 19-22 due 9/26

BE SURE YOUR READY FOR THE LAB!

Next Scribe: ****Melissa****