Evolution

Today In Class we started with taking notes. Remember this whole week is going to be moving very fast, so we took a lot of notes today.HERE is what we did:

Sedimentary Rocks-the reason this is important is because fossils can be found in these type of rocks.

-The closer the layers are to the surface the younger they are, and vice versa (the farther the layers are to the surface the older they are.)

****THIS DOES NOT TELL EXACT AGE only RELATIVE AGE.****

Radiation-C14, which is one of the many atoms that can be measured, is broken down over time.

-This time is called a half-time because it takes certain amount of years to break down half way

-The goal is to find the atom that takes the longest time to break down so we can see the EXACT age of an organism

****THIS IS MORE EXACT, BUT THERE IS NO PRECISE DATE JUST THE AMOUNT OF YEARS****

-If you know the age of one layer, you can use that knowledge and apply it to another layer that contains the same fossils of the 1st layer

-Pangaea is the name of all of the land mass (continents) all together and connected

-The reason there are 7 continents is because earthquakes broke apart the earth, which caused mass extinctions because the land mass can be closer to the poles or not and cause extinction

ALSO, in class we watched this short little cartoon video on how the process of evolution works. We took notes on the stages on what WE thought occurred.

We did a lab as well. This was Unit Packet page 53 lab, and it was the M&M lab. Also, the TOP OF THE PAGE HAS GUARANTEE TEST QUESTIONS ON IT!!!!!!!

We started taking notes on How Primates evolved, but didn't finish.

We must know the traits of the animals so here they are:

-Early primates were tree dwelling mammals

-Limber Shoulder Joints

-Dexterous hands

-Nails replacing claws, sensitive fingers

-Eyes are closer together allowing more depth in vision, which is better if you are driving

ex. of not close are snakes (reptiles)

-Excellent hand-eye coordination

-Increase of parental care, single birth, nurtures offspring and is always near by

Prosimians are the oldest of the Primate groups.

-These are lemurs of Madagascar, lorises, pottos, and tarsiers.

Anthropoids are more of the newest edition of the Primate group.

-They are the monkeys, apes, and humans

-The anthropoids are different in the New World and the Old World.

(The New World refers to the Americas)

-The monkeys are capable of using their tails to grab onto tree branches, allowing them to swing from tree to tree, this functions as an extra appendage

-The Old World monkeys are ground dwellers

This is as far as we have gotten today. Test is on Monday, so good luck and study. HERE IS THE HOMEWORK:

Finish Unit Packet pages 53-55

Unit Packet pages 57-58

Unit Packet pagees 63-66 (put hominids in order)

Read and Highlight articles- Unit Packet pages 61-62 and 69-70 (answer questions)

Here are some links you can check out-Note the 2nd one is more of a joke, but it follows a similar path. 1st link is the CORRECT choice

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8SgnnV8nV9g

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=faRlFsYmkeY

Thank you the next scribe is...

***Regina***

Thursday January 26, 2012

First In Class we showed our homework (pgs. 19-20)
****By The Way We should know the differences between Darwin and Lamarck****

We took notes and here is what we learned:




We learned about Comparative Embryology, which is taking an embryo that is developing from one species and see the similarities between it and the other embryo from a different species. This is a compare and contrast.


-Humans have gill pouches when developing, which becomes part of our throats and ears



~During these stages many species like fish, frogs, snakes, birds, apes, and humans look more ALIKE than different~








We also learned about Molecular Biology, which is taking the genetic code, such as the DNA or the RNA , or amino acids that are created from one species and compare it to another. This demonstrates the close relationship between two species and proves that they descend from a common ancestor.




-Humans and apes are very close and that the DAN of humans and apes are so similar that only 2% of the whole DNA sequence are different.





~This is another way to prove that certain species are related to another species by comparing their DNA~






DARWIN REVIEW

1st is Overproduction, which means that ALL species have an excessive amount of offspring.

With so many animals fighting over one source of food, this causes competition (Olympics for animals except it is for their survival and is not always consistent with a set time)

This means certain animals lose, and other animals win. Unfortunately, the animals that lose die. But, for the animals that won they get to survive and pass on their traits that allowed them to win. These traits give them the advantage allowing their offspring to survive too.

This is what "Survival of the Fittest" means


















2nd is Individual Variation, means that the parents give the offspring traits that other parents my not have.

This allows variation to occur (diversity) and is the main reason why that certain animals look different than others, even though they have the same common ancestor.




3rd is the Differential Reproductive, which means nature becomes the force that changes species

This is what natural selection is where the environment decides who is fit to survive and reproduce, and who is to die.

*KNOW THIS DEFINITION FOR THE TEST----
Adaptive Evolution is when favored traits accumulate in population over generations

We also went over examples of natural selection like the finches and how the finches on the Galapagos Islands have the same common ancestor as finches on the South American mainland.

For biology, we need to bring a CALCULATOR that can SQUARE NUMBERS and use a RADICAL SIGN (doesn't have to be fancy.)

HOMEWORK:
FINISH UP pg. 25-28

FINISH UP pg. 5 due Monday

FINISH UP pg. 13-16 due Monday

Thank You, Dustin

Next up is: ***Helen

"Miracle of Life" The Human Anatomy

Happy New Year!
Today in class, we went over page 4 in the packet which was our homework. We had a memorable discussion about it.


We also took notes on the Human Reproduction as well and ideas that we should study for the test.






We learned about gonads, which are the organs that produce the gametes for the body and that both genders have them. Also, the DUCTS (not ducks), which are tubes.












First we learned about the Female Reproductive Anatomy:
~Ovaries:site of gamete production

~Follicles: consists of a single developing cell and when it ruptures its OVULATION

~Ovulation: egg cell is ejected from the follicle

~Corpus Luteum: Name of the remaining follicle tissue

~Oviduct also known as the Fallopian Tube (know both): where the cilia sweeps the egg towards the uterus AND FERTILIZATION MAY OCCUR HERE

-Oviduct is the location where a woman can have ectopic pregnancy where the egg gets stuck and grows causing the egg to die and may kill the mother if untreated

~Uterus:is the actual site of pregnancy

~Endometrium: blood-rich layer of tissue that lines the uterus, the lining gets thicker during pregnancy (embryo implants and develops here)

~Embryo: from zygote stage to about 9 weeks

~Fetus: from 9 weeks stage to birth

~Cervix: the bottom of the uterus, appears closed, but actually is really small that only sperm can get through

~Vagina: birth canal and where the sperm is deposited

~Vulva: outer structures of the female anatomy

~Urethra: tube where the urine is excreted, it part of both the digestive and reproductive systems

~Labia Minor: skin folds so it borders the vagina and is closer to the middle then the Labia Major

~Labia Major: fatty skin folds that protect the genital region, more on the outside

~Hymen: it is a thin membrane that partially covers the vaginal opening and can easily fall off if they do activities like gymnastics

~Clitoris: short shaft that supports the glans and are very sensitive because of the nerves, and this gives the pleasure to make reproduction more successful

Front view

Left view or the view facing the door
when you are in biology class

Next is the Male Anatomy
~Penis: contains erectile tissue that fills up with blood, this causes an erection and a has a shaft that supports the glans, which is at the tip of the penis

~Testes: the male gonads located OUTSIDE THE BODY in the scrotum

~Scrotum is the sac that holds the testes away from the body because sperm develops and functions better when it is a little lower than 98.6 degrees

~Epididymis: this stores the sperm while it finishes maturing

~Ejaculation: is the expulsion of sperm that also contains fluid from the penis

Left view, if facing the door in the biology class



Right view, if facing the wall in the biology class









***An additional note is that the Nervous System controls the body (reproductive)***

WHAT TO KNOW FOR THE TEST:
-Structure Questions: WHAT IS IT, WHERE IS IT, and WHAT DOES IT DO?
-KNOW PATHWAYS OF BOTH EGG AND SPERM:
EGG
1)Ovary
2)Oviduct/ Fallopian Tube
3)Uterus
4)Cervix
5) Vagina

SPERM
1)Testis (testes)
2)Scrotum
3)Epididymus
4)Vas Deferans
5) Urethra


-Know the Views of the Body, for example the pictures you need to be able to determine the view just by looking at them(know the view before answering the question)



HOMEWORK FOR TODAY: PRE-LAB 35-38 READ AND if you want Answer critcal thinking questions if you know the answer to them
STUDY FOR TEST AND THE FINAL

Thank you, Dustin
Next Scribe is Michael***