9/25/11 - Scribe Post

Today in class we:

• Finished the last few slides of section 1 in the notes packet
• Got through all of the 'PROTEINS=ENZYMES' section of notes

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE NOTES

The Basics of Organic Chemistry

STEROIDS

• Have big effects on teens because this is the stage when gender traits develop
• Gender mix-ups can occur when teens use steroids
• Basically, steroids can cause a lot of medical issues for users

PROTEINS

• Four different structures of proteins
• Primary Structure- the specific sequence of amino acids, if the primary structure is messed up then the protein won't function properly
• Secondary Structure- can either be an Alpha Helix or Pleated Sheet, it is held together by hydrogen bonds
• Tertiary Structure- 3D shape, held together by chemical bonds between side groups
• Quaternary Structure- consists of two or more bonded polypeptide chains

NUCLEIC ACIDS

• Blueprints for making proteins
• Two main types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA)

PROTEINS = ENZYMES

PROTEINS

• Protein=polymer made out of amino acid monomers

AMINO ACID

• Amino acid=the monomers that make up proteins
• Consist of: 1 central Carbon atom, Carboxyl group, Amino group, Hydrogen atom, side group
• Each of the 20 different types of amino acids will have a different side group which gives it unique characteristics

FORMING POLYMERS

• dehydration synthesis bonds amino acids together

WHAT IS AN ENZYME?

• A specialized protein that speeds up a reaction
• CATALYST: speed up rate of chemical reaction without being used up itself

HOW TO SPEED UP A CHEMICAL REACTION

• Heat the mixture
• Decrease activation energy with an enzyme

ALL ENZYMES ARE AFFECTED BY.....

• Temperature: optimal temperature: temperature at which the enzyme is best able to function.
• Cell can become denatured (unable to function) if it is at a temperature to far away from its optimal temperature
• pH: optimal pH: pH at which the enzyme is best able to function
• Concentration
• Specificity

PH SCALE

• pH: potential hydrogen

ION

• A charged particle that has gained or lost an elctron

ACIDS

• Will add H+ to solutions

BASES

• Will remove H+ ions from solutions. Sometimes done by adding OH-

NEUTRAL

• A solution where the number of H= and OH- ions are equal

SUBSTRATE AND ACTIVE SITE

• Substrate=the specific molecule an enzyme will bond to
• Active site=the place on an enzyme where the substrate will bond, must be an exact fit

ENZYME INHIBITION

• Active site can be blocked by substrate imitations so that the real substrate is unable to react
• Inhibitor changes size of active site by binding to another site on the enzyme (reversible)

HOMEWORK

1. Pre-lab UP p. 7-18 - Enzyme Lab 2. EC - enzyme coloring sheet (color code and highlight) 3. UP p. 19-22 due 9/26

BE SURE YOUR READY FOR THE LAB!

Next Scribe: ****Melissa****